Summer - Revision history

Lukas.platz: /* Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing */

2022-03-02T00:06:12Z

Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:06, 2 March 2022
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	</code>		</code>

	Summation in analog computers is based on ''Kirchhoffs Law'', which describes the conservation of current, or electrons, in particular. In a summing point (''summing junction''), the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents add up to zero. Summers are implemented with ''closed-loop operational amplifiers'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier#Closed-loop_amplifier]. On [[THAT]], you find the corresponding electronic circuits in [[:File:Anathing_v1.0_base_3.pdf]]. As you can see there, summers (as well as [[Integrator]]s) are implemented with ICs called <code>TL074H</code>. If you look for the [https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074h.pdf?ts=1628761245896&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FTL074H Datasheet for the TL074H], you find for instance section ''6.17 Electrical Characteristics: TL07xH'' on page 17.		Summation in analog computers is based on ''Kirchhoffs Law'', which describes the conservation of current, or electrons, in particular. In a summing point (''summing junction''), the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents add up to zero. Summers are implemented with ''closed-loop operational amplifiers'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier#Closed-loop_amplifier] and output the negative weighted sum of their inputs. On [[THAT]], you find the corresponding electronic circuits in [[:File:Anathing_v1.0_base_3.pdf]]. As you can see there, summers (as well as [[Integrator]]s) are implemented with ICs called <code>TL074H</code>. If you look for the [https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074h.pdf?ts=1628761245896&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FTL074H Datasheet for the TL074H], you find for instance section ''6.17 Electrical Characteristics: TL07xH'' on page 17.

	<!--For more details, please refer to [[Literature\|Analog computing literature]].-->		<!--For more details, please refer to [[Literature\|Analog computing literature]].-->

Lukas.platz: /* Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing */

2022-03-02T00:04:03Z

Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:04, 2 March 2022
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	<code>		<code>
	sum = - weight1 * input1 + weight2 * input2 + ...		sum = - (weight1 * input1 + weight2 * input2 + ...)
	</code>		</code>

Max Peschke: /* Extended Usage of a Summer */

2021-11-27T15:20:59Z

Extended Usage of a Summer

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:20, 27 November 2021
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	* If you choose input weight 10, you perform an amplification of this input. For details, see below.		* If you choose input weight 10, you perform an amplification of this input. For details, see below.
	* '''SJ:''' To extend number of inputs, connect the SJ panel of the summer with an SJ panel of a XIR element. Now the other panels of the corresponding XIR element function as inputs.		* '''SJ:''' To extend number of inputs, connect the SJ panel of the summer with an SJ panel of a XIR element. Now the other panels of the corresponding XIR element function as inputs of the connected summer.
			* '''FB:''' To convert a summer to an open amplifier, connect the FB-pannel to ground (the one directly below).

	== Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing ==		== Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing ==

Max Peschke: /* Extended Usage of a Summer */

2021-11-27T15:19:08Z

Extended Usage of a Summer

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 27 November 2021
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	* If you choose input weight 10, you perform an amplification of this input. For details, see below.		* If you choose input weight 10, you perform an amplification of this input. For details, see below.
	* ...		* '''SJ:''' To extend number of inputs, connect the SJ panel of the summer with an SJ panel of a XIR element. Now the other panels of the corresponding XIR element function as inputs.

	== Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing ==		== Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing ==

MKoch: /* Basic Usage of a Summer on The Analog Thing */

2021-10-01T11:55:59Z

Basic Usage of a Summer on The Analog Thing

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:55, 1 October 2021
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	== Basic Usage of a Summer on The Analog Thing ==		== Basic Usage of a Summer on The Analog Thing ==
	[[File:Summer.png\|thumb\|All connector sockets of a single summer]]		[[File:Summer.png\|thumb\|All connector sockets of a single summer]]
	* Put each quantity you want to sum into a different circle. ~~Do not stack connectors on~~ the ~~inputs~~.		* Put each quantity you want to sum into a different circle. Don't connect different outputs to the same input.
	* You can use both output sockets as you like and stack connectors however you like.		* You can use both output sockets as you like and stack connectors however you like.

MKoch: /* Elements of Each Summer on The Analog Thing */

2021-09-20T14:49:26Z

Elements of Each Summer on The Analog Thing

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:49, 20 September 2021
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	* Each of the summers of THAT has four unweighted inputs (labeled 1) and three inputs weighted with factor 10 (labeled 10).		* Each of the summers of THAT has four unweighted inputs (labeled 1) and three inputs weighted with factor 10 (labeled 10).
	* In the lower right corner of each of the summers, a <code>GROUND</code> socket (0) is available.		* In the lower right corner of each of the summers, a <code>GROUND</code> socket (0) is available.
	* Each of the summers has an <code>SJ</code> and en <code>FB</code> socket. Beginners may ignore these for the time being.		* Each of the summers has a <code>SJ</code> and a <code>FB</code> socket. Beginners may ignore these for the time being.
	* Each of the summers has two output sockets.		* Each of the summers has two output sockets.

TimStinchcombe: typo

2021-09-19T18:14:19Z

typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:14, 19 September 2021
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	</code>		</code>

	Summation in analog computers is based on ''Kirchhoffs Law'', which describes the conservation of current, or electrons, in particular. In a summing point (''summing junction''), the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents add up to zero. Summers are implemented with ''closed-loop operational amplifiers'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier#Closed-loop_amplifier]. On [[THAT]], you find the corresponding ~~electronical~~ circuits in [[:File:Anathing_v1.0_base_3.pdf]]. As you can see there, summers (as well as [[Integrator]]s) are implemented with ICs called <code>TL074H</code>. If you look for the [https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074h.pdf?ts=1628761245896&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FTL074H Datasheet for the TL074H], you find for instance section ''6.17 Electrical Characteristics: TL07xH'' on page 17.		Summation in analog computers is based on ''Kirchhoffs Law'', which describes the conservation of current, or electrons, in particular. In a summing point (''summing junction''), the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents add up to zero. Summers are implemented with ''closed-loop operational amplifiers'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier#Closed-loop_amplifier]. On [[THAT]], you find the corresponding electronic circuits in [[:File:Anathing_v1.0_base_3.pdf]]. As you can see there, summers (as well as [[Integrator]]s) are implemented with ICs called <code>TL074H</code>. If you look for the [https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074h.pdf?ts=1628761245896&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FTL074H Datasheet for the TL074H], you find for instance section ''6.17 Electrical Characteristics: TL07xH'' on page 17.

	<!--For more details, please refer to [[Literature\|Analog computing literature]].-->		<!--For more details, please refer to [[Literature\|Analog computing literature]].-->

TimStinchcombe: typos

2021-09-19T18:12:55Z

typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:12, 19 September 2021
Line 29:		Line 29:
	</code>		</code>

	Summation in analog computers is based on on ''Kirchhoffs Law'', which describes the conservation of current, or electrons, in particular. In a summing point (''summing junction''), the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents add up to zero. Summers are implemented with ''closed-loop operational amplifiers'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier#Closed-loop_amplifier]. On [[THAT]], you find the corresponding electronical circuits in [[:File:Anathing_v1.0_base_3.pdf]]. As you can see there, summers (as well as [[Integrator]]s) are implemented with ICs called <code>~~TH074H~~</code>. If you look for the [https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074h.pdf?ts=1628761245896&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FTL074H Datasheet for the ~~TH074H~~], you find for instance section ''6.17 Electrical Characteristics: TL07xH'' on page 17.		Summation in analog computers is based on ''Kirchhoffs Law'', which describes the conservation of current, or electrons, in particular. In a summing point (''summing junction''), the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents add up to zero. Summers are implemented with ''closed-loop operational amplifiers'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier#Closed-loop_amplifier]. On [[THAT]], you find the corresponding electronical circuits in [[:File:Anathing_v1.0_base_3.pdf]]. As you can see there, summers (as well as [[Integrator]]s) are implemented with ICs called <code>TL074H</code>. If you look for the [https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074h.pdf?ts=1628761245896&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FTL074H Datasheet for the TL074H], you find for instance section ''6.17 Electrical Characteristics: TL07xH'' on page 17.

	<!--For more details, please refer to [[Literature\|Analog computing literature]].-->		<!--For more details, please refer to [[Literature\|Analog computing literature]].-->

Sven: +opamp info

2021-08-12T10:33:04Z

+opamp info

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:33, 12 August 2021
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	== Basic Usage of a Summer on The Analog Thing ==		== Basic Usage of a Summer on The Analog Thing ==
	[[File:Summer.png\|thumb\|All connector sockets of a single summer]]		[[File:Summer.png\|thumb\|All connector sockets of a single summer]]


	* Put each quantity you want to sum into a different circle. Do not stack connectors on the inputs.		* Put each quantity you want to sum into a different circle. Do not stack connectors on the inputs.
	* You can use both output sockets as you like and stack connectors however you like.		* You can use both output sockets as you like and stack connectors however you like.

			[[File:Nuvola apps important.svg\|16px]] Attention: Make sure the sum of your inputs does not exceed the machine unit (±1), otherwise an overload occurs (indicated by the <code>OL LED</code>) [[File:Red rouge.svg\|16px]]. See [[Machine Units]] for details.
	[[File:Nuvola apps important.svg\|16px]] Attention: Make sure the sum of your inputs does not exceed the machine unit (±1), otherwise an overload occurs (indicated by the <code>OL LED</code>) [[File:Red rouge.svg\|16px]]. See [[~~Logic levels~~]] for details.

	== Extended Usage of a Summer ==		== Extended Usage of a Summer ==
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	* ...		* ...

	== Mathematics about analog summing ==		== Mathematics and Electronics about analog summing ==
	{{todo\|Show definition equation, tell more}}		{{todo\|Show definition equation, tell more}}

	<code>		<code>
	sum = weight1 * input1 + weight2 * input2 + ...		sum = - weight1 * input1 + weight2 * input2 + ...
	</code>		</code>

			Summation in analog computers is based on on ''Kirchhoffs Law'', which describes the conservation of current, or electrons, in particular. In a summing point (''summing junction''), the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents add up to zero. Summers are implemented with ''closed-loop operational amplifiers'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier#Closed-loop_amplifier]. On [[THAT]], you find the corresponding electronical circuits in [[:File:Anathing_v1.0_base_3.pdf]]. As you can see there, summers (as well as [[Integrator]]s) are implemented with ICs called <code>TH074H</code>. If you look for the [https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074h.pdf?ts=1628761245896&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FTL074H Datasheet for the TH074H], you find for instance section ''6.17 Electrical Characteristics: TL07xH'' on page 17.

	Summation in analog computers is based on on ''Kirchhoffs Law'', which describes the conservation of current, or electrons, in particular. In a summing point (''summing junction''), the sum of the incoming and outgoing currents add up to zero. For more details, please refer to [[Literature\|Analog computing literature]].		<!--For more details, please refer to [[Literature\|Analog computing literature]].-->

	== Other summers in The Analog Thing ==		== Other summers in The Analog Thing ==

Tfischer at 15:41, 8 August 2021

2021-08-08T15:41:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 8 August 2021
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	[[File:Greek uc sigma.svg\|thumb\|120px\|The greek symbol ''Sigma'' is the mathematical notation for a sum]]		[[File:Greek uc sigma.svg\|thumb\|120px\|The greek symbol ''Sigma'' is the mathematical notation for a sum]]
	A '''Summer''' is an elementary analog computing element. It carries out a '''summation''', as in <code>a + b = c</code>. Here, <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> are called the ''summands'' and <code>c</code> is the ''sum''. [[The Analog Thing]] features four summers, allowing four summations in a circuit.		A '''Summer''' is an elementary analog computing element. It carries out a '''summation''' of its inputs, as in <code>a + b = c</code>. Here, <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> are called the ''summands'' and <code>c</code> is the ''sum''. [[The Analog Thing]] features four summers, allowing four summations in a circuit.

			== Elements of Each Summer on The Analog Thing ==

			* Circles represent inputs, triangles represent outputs.
			* Each of the summers of THAT has four unweighted inputs (labeled 1) and three inputs weighted with factor 10 (labeled 10).
			* In the lower right corner of each of the summers, a <code>GROUND</code> socket (0) is available.
			* Each of the summers has an <code>SJ</code> and en <code>FB</code> socket. Beginners may ignore these for the time being.
			* Each of the summers has two output sockets.

	== Basic Usage of a Summer on The Analog Thing ==		== Basic Usage of a Summer on The Analog Thing ==
	[[File:Summer.png\|thumb\|All connector ~~jacks~~ of a single summer]]		[[File:Summer.png\|thumb\|All connector sockets of a single summer]]


	* Circles represent inputs, triangles represent outputs.
	* Put each quantity you want to sum into a different circle. Do not stack connectors on the inputs.		* Put each quantity you want to sum into a different circle. Do not stack connectors on the inputs.
	* There are two input weights available: <code>1</code> and <code>10</code>. Choose <code>1</code> in case you don't know what to do. Ignore the black inputs saying <code>10</code>. This way you can use each summer to sum up to four quantities.		* You can use both output sockets as you like and stack connectors however you like.
	* There are two output slots. You can use both ~~of them~~ as you like and stack connectors however you like.
	* For the time being, ignore the slots <code>SJ</code> and <code>FB</code>. In the lower right, you get some ground (logical zero). You can also ignore it.

	[[File:Nuvola apps important.svg\|16px]] Attention: Make sure the sum of your inputs does not exceed the machine unit (~~±10V~~), otherwise an overload occurs (indicated by the OL LED) [[File:Red rouge.svg\|16px]]. See [[Logic levels]] for details.		[[File:Nuvola apps important.svg\|16px]] Attention: Make sure the sum of your inputs does not exceed the machine unit (±1), otherwise an overload occurs (indicated by the <code>OL LED</code>) [[File:Red rouge.svg\|16px]]. See [[Logic levels]] for details.

	== Extended Usage of a Summer ==		== Extended Usage of a Summer ==